[Jeff]

I am reading all 15 pages of this thread for the first time (as a new forum member) and I was wondering whether an over-swivel action that happens during the followthrough phase (from impact to both arms straight position) of the swing is due to insufficient turning of the upper torso. It is my understanding that the biomechanical action of horizontal hinging operates at the level of the left shoulder socket and left upper arm, and doesn't involve any forearm rotary movements operating below left elbow level. For horizontal hinging to happen without any superimposed swivelling action, I suspect that the body has to turn well through the impact zone, so that the arms are essentially kept in front of the rotating torso. If the body turn movement through the impact zone is sluggish (relative to the speed of the arms moving through the impact zone), then I suspect that there will be an additional non-deliberate rotary movement of the left radius over the left ulna during the followthrough phase of the swing (due to the momentum of the moving club) - and this will cause the clubface to face the ground instead of being parallel to the ground in the followthrough phase of the swing. I don't know if that phenomenon happened in Ben Doyle's posted swing photos, but I suspect that it may happen frequently in many golfers who have a relatively sluggish torso rotation through the impact zone.

Jeff.