1 Throwout Aligns the Clubface for Horizontal Hinging, Closing Only Clubface through the Impact Interval. Longer clubs have longer Impact Intervals, normally, so the ball is moved along a greater distance before Separation. At Separation the Clubface is Aligned to the Target Line. At Impact it's Aligned to the Angle of Approach. That's the Perfect World. Compress, Sustain, Separate.
2 true Swingers always have the Clubface Aligned to the Target Line at Separation.
Hands Manipulated Swingers and Hitters always have the Clubface Aligned to the Angle of Approach at Impact.
1 length of club or club head speed? I hold with speed??
2 Arn't these just the ends of the impact interval and apply to either?