[Daryl]

What's the difference between hinge actions and hinge motions or does it mean the same?

Motion is geometry/alignments, Action is Physics/Force.

Hinge Motion is the Geometry of the Clubface through Impact. "That is “Closing” without “Lay-back.” (10-10-D) “Lay-back” without “Closing” (10-10-E) and simultaneous “Closing” and “Lay-back” (10-10-C)."

"Clubface loft (2-C-1) and Hinge Action (2-D) determine altitude and backspin and are the basic elements of Ball Control."